Explain the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the stimuli that produce hormone release and the hormonal actions
Mr. Metzner has polyuria with a urine volume of 8 L/day. His urine specific gravity is 1.02. His serum sodium (Na+) is 150 mEq/L, and his plasma osmolality is 300 mOsm/kg. He is always asking for more cold liquids to drink. What type of hormonal alteration is Mr. Metzner exhibiting? What are some possible causes of this alteration?
Mr. Metzner has polyuria with a urine volume of 8 L/day. His urine specific gravity is 1.02. His serum sodium (Na+) is 150 mEq/L, and his plasma osmolality is 300 mOsm/kg. He is always asking for more cold liquids to drink. What type of hormonal alteration is Mr. Metzner exhibiting? What are some possible causes of this alteration?
Brenda is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. She asks you to explain how she contracted this disease and why she has to get “shots” to improve the number of erythrocytes in her blood; she also wonders how long she will need to have these injections.
Eight-year-old Elise arrives at the clinic with severe epistaxis. On examination, a generalized purple petechial rash and hemorrhage bullae on her gums and lips are detected. She and her parents cannot recall any recent injuries, and the epistaxis began spontaneously that morning. Her only recent health issue was an upper respiratory infection two week ago. Her blood analyses indicate thrombocytopenia, and the few platelets are large. The Ivy bleeding time is prolonged, and bone marrow aspiration demonstrates increased megakaryocytes and normal erythrocytes and granulocytes. Her hemoglobin and hematocrit are in the low normal range. What disorder do you suspect? What causes this disorder? What is the likelihood that Elise will recover?
What are the primary differences between the systemic and pulmonary circulations?
Differentiate between stable angina, variant angina, and unstable angina pectoris.
